Italian

Knowledge of the basic concepts of classical physics; mastery of the concept of physical quantities; knowledge of the logical-mathematical methods and tools necessary to discuss mechanical problems (fundamentals of differential and integral calculus); familiar with the concept of error in experimental measurements.

48 hours of lessons

The course provides students with the foundations of the experimental method, typical of every scientific discipline, and the fundamental laws of electromagnetism and optics. It represents an essential training step from the knowledge acquired in high school to that of university teaching, allowing students to acquire the necessary elements for a scientific approach to the analysis of engineering problems.

The acquired knowledge and physical methods will allow the student to understand, analyze and model engineering problems. In particular, the student will have to acquire the ability to outline typically complex phenomena in their essential elements and apply the laws of Electromagnetism and Optics to describe the methods. For this purpose, the proposed exercises are often drawn from common experience. Such knowledge and methods are applicable to many of the courses that the student will face during his studies and, subsequently, to the problems he will encounter in the workplace.

The acquired knowledge and physic methods will allow students to understand, analyse and sketch engineering problems. In particular, students will have to acquire the ability to outline complex phenomena into their essential elements and to apply the Thermodynamics, Electromagnetism and Optics laws to describe them. To this aim, the proposed exercises are usually derived from the common experience. Such knowledge and methods can be applied to many of the university courses the student will attend and, in the following, to the problems he will face during the working career.
The methodological approach acquired and the exercises proposed during this course will contribute to improve the judgement ability, the learning skill and that of drawing conclusions.

Electrostatics in vacuum and in matter:
Complementary notes on differential calculus (operators and theorems).
Introduction to electrostatics.
Electric charge and Coulomb's law.
Electric field.
Electric field generated by known charge distributions.
Gauss theorem.
Maxwell's first equation.
Electrostatic potential.
Electric dipole.
The general problem of electrostatics.
Atomic models of Nagaoka, Thompson, Rutherford, and Bohr
Electrostatic conductors.
Electric capacity.
Capacitors and capacitor systems in series and in parallel.
Energy of the electrostatic field.
Dielectrics.
Polarization by deformation and by orientation.
The vector electric polarization.
Equations of electrostatics in the presence of dielectrics.
The general problem of electrostatics in the presence of dielectrics and boundary conditions for fields.

Magnetostatics in vacuum and in matter:
Magnetic induction.
Electric currents.
Lorentz force and magnetic induction.
Mechanical actions on circuits crossed by stationary current in an external magnetic field. Field generated by stationary currents in vacuum. Interactions between current-carrying circuits.
Magnetism in matter.
Fundamental equations of magnetostatics and connection conditions between fields.
Macroscopic properties of dia-, para- and ferromagnetic materials.
Microscopic interpretation.
Notes on the quantum atomic model with atomic orbitals.

Time-varying electromagnetic fields:
Faraday Neumann's law.
Induction and self-induction.
Maxwell's equations in the non-stationary case.

Electromagnetic waves:
Wave equation.
Propagation in vacuum and in matter.
Poynting vector.
Properties of electromagnetic waves.
Interaction with matter.
Diffraction and interference.

Geometric Optics:
Approximation of geometric optics.
Properties of thin lenses.
Matrix formalism.

The assessment of learning will take place by means of written tests, containing theory questions and exercises

The written test is a test designed to verify the ability to solve simple problems related to the course topics and to evaluate the ability to connect different parts of the program, to use the scientific language introduced in the course and the mathematical formalism in an appropriate way

The examinations are considered a part of the learning process. Thus, their aim is not a simple valutation mark or a decision for passing or failing. On the contrary, they aim to suggest the parts of the program to be better understood, if it is the case, or the basics settings to be acquired. In the latter case a reworking of the entire program is usually required. Once that the preparation is satisfactory the final valutation is a mark out of 30.

The final mark is attributed on the basis of the results obtained in the tests and, if necessary, it can be supplemented by an oral test

- Mencuccini Silvestrini, Fisica elettromagnetismo e ottica, Ed. Ambrosiana

- Pavan Sartori, problemi di Fisica risolti e commentati, Ed. Ambrosiana

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