INGLESE

The course is devoted to legal reference related with management and administration of marine resources. During the course three levels of related legal references: international, national and regional will be considered as basis to management and conservation. Environmental economics will be introduced, and a few cases of sustainable economic uses of the marine spaces will be discussed. Special emphasis will be devoted to the economic analysis of natural resource exploitation of renewable and open access resources, with application to fisheries.
The course also addresses marine ecosystem conservation and biodiversity management, with an emphasis on the social-ecological aspects of marine protected areas.
It tackles threats to marine conservation and current designs and lessons from the implementation of marine protected areas. The course explores different strategies to manage, control and monitor marine protected areas and their relationship with end users.

During the course there will be the opportunity to develop an exercise to focalize the lesson learned.
Students can develop the exercise has she/he likes, in a power point, in a text, just speaking or as she/he prefers. There will be an intermediate presentation and a final one.

1 The evolution of the Law of the Sea and its Codification; from the Geneva Conventions to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS).
2 Spaces of sovereignty of the coastal State: The Legal Regime of Internal Waters, Bays, Straits, Territorial Sea.
3 Spaces of jurisdiction of the coastal State: The Legal Regime of Contiguous Zones, Continental shelf, Exclusive Economic Zones, “sui generis Zones” (Ecological Zone; Fishery Zone; Mixed Zone).
4 The Rules on the delimitation of marine spaces. Creeping Jurisdiction versus Cooperation.
5 Special Regimes resulting from specific geographical situations: a) The regime of islands; b) The archipelagic States; c) Land-locked States and Geographically Disadvantaged States.
6 Closed and Semi-closed Seas. The legal Regime of the Mediterranean Sea in particular.
7 The regime of the High Seas. Navigation on the High Seas and jurisdiction of the flag State.
8 Marine Resource Management and Exploitation on the high seas. a) Non-living Resources.
9 Marine Resource Management and Exploitation on the high seas. b) The International Regime of Fisheries; the Conservation of Marine living Resources.
10 Protection of the Marine Environment and the General Legal Framework (International, European and National) on the protection of Biodiversity and marine ecosystems.
11 Environmental Law’s General Principles.
12 Regional Seas Conventions (Barcelona System and OSPAR Convention in particular).
13 The European Union Common Fisheries Policy.
14 The European Union Natura 2000 program in the marine policy.
15 The European Union Marine Strategy Framework Directive.
16 Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), coastal and high sea protection.
17 Natura 2000 marine sites, institution, management and monitoring.
18 Networks of Protected Areas and Marine Conservation Policies on the international stage, in Mediterranean geopolitical situation in particular.
19 International organization and coordination for the Marine environment protection.
20 Regional and Local networks and bottom up initiatives.
21 Management of protected areas, Biodiversity Conservation and Economic growth together. Some examples in Mediterranean context.
22 Pollution management, solid and liquid from rivers, cities and fisheries; plastic reduction policies.
23 The volunteers world and the marine biodiversity conservation.
24 Fishing management for a wide conservation of the marine environment.

The final evaluation will be composed by the sum of the course's exercise result and the knowledge on the programme's topics acquired

ZACHARIAS Mark and ARDRON Jeff, Marine Policy, An Introduction to Governance and International Law of the Oceans, 2nd Edition, Routledge, London 2019. ISBN 978-0815379263