Italian

Having acquired basic knowledge of physiology, anatomy.

Clinical practice.

Knowing how to apply the main semeiological maneuvers of the various organs and systems to the patient's bed in order to guide the clinical and management reasoning of the patient.

Ability to apply on the patient's bed the knowledge acquired during the course of SEMEIOTICS AND CLINICAL AND STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY - MEDICAL SEMEIOTICS, in order to develop diagnostic suspicions in the field of the most common medical and surgical pathologies.

Knowing how to assess the symptoms and signs of the patient in the interaction between the different organs and apparatuses in the complex of their pathophysiology, in order to reach a suspected clinical diagnosis.

General Medical Semeiotics and Clinical Methodology (Sem-Met): anamnestic collection and editing of the medical record. The general direct examination of the patient and the physical examination signs. Recognition and evaluation of: fever, edema, characteristics of pain, alterations in the state of consciousness. Reasoned discussion on the main laboratory tests (blood counts, electrolytes, creatininemia, protidogramma, transaminases, CPK, cardiac troponins, lipid profile, urine test).
Sem-Met cardio-vasculopathies: evaluation of arterial pulses and their characters; of tones and heart murmurs, vascular murmurs. Application on the patient's bed of the arterial vasculopathic or venous thrombosis patient's physical examination. Discussion on the main functional and instrumental investigations (cardio and vascular ultrasound in correlation with anamnestic findings and physical examination).
Sem-Met chest: evaluation of dyspnea, cyanosis, physiological respiratory noises and the main respiratory diseases. Discussion on the main aspects of radiography and chest ultrasound at the patient's bedside. Discussion on spirometry and arterial blood gas analysis.
Sem-Met diseases of the kidney and urinary tract: evaluation of the renal physical examination, bladder globe and changes in diuresis. Discussion on urine examination, renal ultrasound. Interpretation of creatininemia and plasma electrolytes.
Sem-Met abdomen and digestive system: percussion inspection auscultation (search for vascular aortic murmurs, other renal arteries), search for pulsating masses with palpation on the patient's bed. Discussion on the main functional and instrumental investigations in the diagnosis of diseases of the digestive system. Hepatopathies: clinical semeiology of hepatopathies on the patient's bed; objective assessment of portal hypertension and ascites. Diseases of the exocrine pancreas: discussion on functional and instrumental investigations.
Sem-Met of the endocrine system: main anthropometric measurements in the obese patient and with metabolic syndrome. Application of the physical examination and discussion on the main laboratory and instrumental tests of the main diseases (thyroid diseases, thyroid nodules, parathyroid glands, diabetes mellitus, hypo-hyperaldosteronism, hyper-hypocortisolism).
Sem-Met of hemolymphopathies: discussion on the blood count. Physical examination of the lymph nodes and spleen on the patient's bed. Evaluation of the patient with platelet diseases or coagulation deficits.

Practical examination on the patient's bed to assess the student's ability to apply the semiotic knowledge of the various organs and apparatuses associated with different pathologies.

The ability to apply the specific knowledge of semeiological methods on the patient, and the ability to discriminate physiological and pathological clinical pictures of different organs and systems will be evaluated.

The student's ability to apply the acquired knowledge to the practice of future medical work with reason.

The vote will be given of thirty depending on the capacity of semeiologic application of theories acquired during the course of studies.